As I promised in part 2, this time we will take a look at how to separate css into a single file.

If you use webpack before, you know that webpack treating everything as an dependency, not just js, but everything. This is the mighty power of webpack.

So if you want to use css or sass in your code, you need to specify like this:

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require('bootstrap.css');              //css
require('bootstrap.sass');             //sass

Then you need to use loader to convert these files because webpack default will treat everything as js . 

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//webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
  //...
  module: {
    loaders: [{
      test: /\.css$/,
      exclude: /node_modules/,
      loaders:['style-loader', 'css-loader']
    }]
  }
  //...
}

Under the hood, webpack will use acron to generate AST (abstract syntax tree) so it can analyze the code. That’s how webpack generate dependency trees, optimize the code etc.

If we don’t use loader to convert the non -js files, the AST will fail. Hence bundle errors.

Also by default, webpack will load the css as an js function and they will scatter in different places just as other functions. As tradition, we tend to put them into a single file. webpack also allow us to do that by using extract-text-webpack-plugin.

See the pattern? To webpack, everything is a plugin :rocket:

Let’s take a look at the example webpack provided in its repo.

The example

In this example, we have a example.js, which will use style.css (which will style the whole html page’s background) and also chunk.js. In chunk.js, it will use style2.css to change the background of class xyz.

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// example.js
require("./style.css");
require(["./chunk"]);
// chunk.js
require("./style2.css");
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/* style.css */
* {
	background: url(image.png);
}
/* style2.css */
.xyz {
	background: url(image2.png);
}

Normally we will use the configuration similar to this:

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module.exports = {
	entry: './example.js',
	output: {
		path: './js',
		filename: 'output.js'
	},
	module: {
		loaders: [{
			test: /\.css$/,
			exclude: /node_modules/,
			loaders: ['style-loader','css-loader']
		}, {
			test: /\.png$/,
			loader: "file-loader"
		}]
	}
};

The result will be like the following:

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Hash: 1d9e7e0e92f9bcc3c3e9
Version: webpack 2.1.0-beta.27
Time: 705ms
                               Asset       Size  Chunks             Chunk Names
ce21cbdd9b894e6af794813eb3fdaf60.png  119 bytes          [emitted]
                         0.output.js    1.54 kB       0  [emitted]
                           output.js    15.6 kB       1  [emitted]  main
   [3] ./chunk.js 26 bytes {0} [built]
   [6] ./example.js 70 bytes {1} [built]
    + 8 hidden modules

webpack will generate js file, but not css file by default.

If we want to generate a separate css file, we need to modify our configuration file to this:

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var ExtractTextPlugin = require("extract-text-webpack-plugin");
module.exports = {
	entry: './example.js',
	output: {
		path: './js',
		filename: 'output.js'
	},
	module: {
		loaders: [
			{
				test: /\.css$/,
				loader: ExtractTextPlugin.extract({
					notExtractLoader: "style-loader",
					loader: "css-loader"
				})
			},
			{ test: /\.png$/, loader: "file-loader" }
		]
	},
	plugins: [
		new ExtractTextPlugin({
			filename: "style.css"
		})
	]
};

Now if we run command webpack, we will get the following result

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Hash: 73d0a46a3b928c448a64
Version: webpack 2.1.0-beta.27
Time: 4691ms
                               Asset       Size  Chunks             Chunk Names
ce21cbdd9b894e6af794813eb3fdaf60.png  119 bytes          [emitted]
                         0.output.js  601 bytes       0  [emitted]
                           output.js    7.17 kB       1  [emitted]  main
                           style.css   65 bytes       1  [emitted]  main
   [1] ./chunk.js 26 bytes {0} [built]
   [2] ./example.js 70 bytes {1} [built]
    + 5 hidden modules
Child extract-text-webpack-plugin:
        + 3 hidden modules

There’s our style.css which includes all the styles we defined (to be more precise, it contains all the styles we used).

That’s how you do css bundle in webpack !

Happy hacking!